RamuJOSHI ‘yatri’

October 19, 2008

Creative Anti-Smoking Ads

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Over the past 40 years, smoking has declined by about half, thanks in part to anti-smoking media campaigns.

But anti-tobacco messages and ads often face fierce opposition from the cigarette manufacturers who have worked vigorously to diminish their impact

Anti-smoking ads began in the late 1960s when the FCC deemed cigarette smoking controversial and therefore subject to the Fairness Doctrine, which requires opening the airwaves to public service messages on opposing viewpoints. The ads were very effective in reducing smoking, despite vigorous counter-advertising by the tobacco companies. (According to a 1972 study, anti-smoking ads cut cigarette smoking by 531 cigarettes per person per year, while tobacco company advertising increased consumption by only 95 cigarettes per person per year.)



















































Gayatri Mantra

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Mahamrityunjaya Mantra

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“Hey Ram Hey Ram” – Lord Rama Prayer

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September 7, 2008

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February 5, 2008

Pashupatinath Temple

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The Holiest Hindu Temple

Pashupatinath TemplePashupatinath Temple, with its astonishing architectural beauty, stands as a symbol of faith, religion, culture and tradition. Regarded as the most sacred temple of Hindu Lord Shiva in the world, Pashupatinath Temple’s existence dates back to 400 A.D. The richly-ornamented pagoda houses the sacred linga or phallic symbol of Lord Shiva. Thousands of pilgrims from all over the world come to pay homage to this temple, that is also known as ‘The Temple of Living Beings’.

Fast Facts

Location 5 km north-east of Kathmandu
Category UNESCO listed World Cultural Heritage Site
Era Prior to 400 A.D
Unique Features » Only four priests, appointed by the King, can touch the idol of Lord Shiva.
» The priests are always from south India.
» It is believed that this tradition have been started by Sage Shankaracharaya in 6th century.

What to See
» Gold-painted images of guardian deities
» Chaturmukha (four-faced statue)
» Chadeshvar, an inscribed Licchavi linga from the 7th century
» Brahma Temple
» Dharmashila, a stone where sacred oaths are taken
» Arya Ghat
» Gauri Ghat (holy bath)
» Pandra Shivalaya (15 shrines)
» Gorakhnath and Vishwarup Temples
» Guhyeshwari (Guhjeshwari) Temple
» Kirateshwar Mahadeva Mandir and Surya Ghat

Architecture
» The two level roofs of the temple are embellished with gold and the four main doors are adorned with silver.
» The temple is famous for its awe-inspiring and astounding pagoda architecture.
» The western door has a statue of a large Bull, Nandi, is ornamented in gold. This black stone idol, about 6 ft in height and circumference, adds to the beauty and charisma of the temple.
» The present architectural nature of Pashupatinath temple came into existence as a result of renovation by Queen Gangadevi during the reign of Shivasimha Malla (1578-1620 AD).

Legends
There are many legends describing as to how the temple of Lord Pashupatinath came to existence here. Some of them are narrated below:-

The Cow Legend
Legend says that Lord Shiva once took the form of an antelope and sported unkown in the forest on Bagmati river’s east bank. The gods later caught up with him, and grabbing him by the horn, forced him to resume his divine form. The broken horn was worshipped as a linga but overtime it was buried and lost. Centuries later an astonished herdsmen found one of his cows showering the earth with milk. Digging deep at the site, he discovered the divine linga of Pashupatinath.

The Linchchhavi Legend
According to Gopalraj Vamsavali, the oldest ever chronicle in Nepal, this temple was built by Supus Padeva, a Linchchhavi King, who according to the stone inscription erected by Jayadeva 11 in the courtyard of Pashupatinath in 753 AD, happened to be the ruler 39 generations before Manadeva (464-505 AD).

The Devalaya Legend
Another chronicle states that Pashupatinath Temple was in the form of Linga shaped Devalaya before Supus Padeva constructed a five storey temple of Pashupatinath in this place. As the time passed, the need for reparing and renovating this temple arose. It is learnt that this temple was reconsturcted by a mediaeval King named Shivadeva (1099-1126 AD). It was renovated by Ananta Malla adding a roof to it.

Festivals
» Pashupati area is regarded as one of the most important places of pilgrimages for the followers of Hinduism. Thousands of devotees from within and outside the country come to pay homage to Pashupatinath every day. And on special occasions like Ekadasi, Sankranti, Mahashivratri, Teej Akshaya, Rakshabandhan, Grahana (eclipse), Poornima (Full moon day) the whole atmosphere turns festive and mirthful as people congregate here in a far greater number.
» During the Shivaratri (also spelled Shivratri) festival Pashupatinath temple is lit with ghee lamps throughout the night and the temple remains open all night. Thousands of devotees take ritual baths in the Bagmati river on the day of the festival and observe a fast for the whole day. Hundreds of sadhus (sages) from different parts of Nepal and India come here on the occasion of Maha Shivaratri.

Auspicious Days to Visit
In August, during the Teej festival, thousands of women visit the temple to bathe in the holy waters of the Bagmati River. Because this ritual is meant to bring a long and happy marriage, many women dress in red saris, which are traditionally worn for wedding ceremonies. Full moon and New moon days are also considered auspicious to visit the temple.

Good to know
According to a legend recorded in local texts, especially the Nepalamahatmya and the Himavatkhanda, the Hindu Lord Shiva once fled from the other gods in Varanasi to Mrigasthali, the forest on the opposite bank of the Bagmati River from the temple. There, in the form of a gazelle, he slept with his consort Parvati. When the gods discovered him there and tried to bring him back to Varanasi, he leapt across the river to the opposite bank, where one of his horns broke into four pieces. After this, Shiva became manifest as Pashupati (Lord of Animals) in a four-face (chaturmukha) linga.

How to Reach
» There are regular bus services from Kathmandu (from Ratna Park or City Bus Station) to Patan,. It takes approximately 45 minutes to reach Goshala, the stop for Pashupatinath.
» Battery-operated Safaa tempos depart from near the Ratna Park office in Kathmandu and drops the pilgrims at Ring Road, west of Pashupatinath. Thereafter, a tempo going to Chabahil or Bodhnath can be hired.

Mount Everest

Filed under: Uncategorized — Ramu JOSHI @ 7:56 am
Where Sky Meets the Earth…

Mount Everest Trekking RouteWant to experience the intense pleasure of being alive, aware and adventurous…set yourself to a trekking and mountaineering expedition to the world’s mightiest peak Mt. Everest. Set against the brilliant blue sky, the view of Mount Everest’s radiant snow peaks is jaw dropping. And how it feels like being so close to the sky is a thrill beyond imagination.

Fast Facts

Age of Everest 60 million years
Elevation 8,848 meters (29,028 feet)
Range Khumbal Himal
Easiest Route South Col (Nepal)
Nearest Access Kathmandu
Normal Weather Conditions 5°C to 20°C
Medical / Emergency Facilities Small Health Care Facilities available in most of the trail
Rescue Operations Helicopter Flights from Kathmandu (Normally within 50 Minutes)
Communication Facilities Telephones available at Ghandrung till Chhomrong
Season(s)
  • Spring: March – June
  • Autumn: September – November
Guidebook(s) Trekking in Nepal Himalaya – Lonely Planet

The Route
Mount Everest, or the ‘Mother of the Universe’ (called by the Nepalese) is known as Sagarmatha in Nepal. Towering egoistically heavenwards, it is 8850 meters above the sea level. The route can be sensational only if you ward off all your fears and get ready to see the deepest ditches and touch the highest peaks. So come, let’s feel the energy of the mountains and experience how it looks when the sky meets the earth.

Arrive in Kathmandu
The trip begins in the ancient and colourful city of Kathmandu. During day time, we can explore the 17th century splendours of the Monkey Temple, the Durbar Square and the old Kings’ Palaces, as well as the ancient city of Patan.

Fly to Lukla
Early next morning we fly to Lukla at 2860 metres, where we meet the yak drivers, and porters. We can trek to Monjo (2652m) and spend the night there.

Explore Sherpa Villages
We will continue our trek up to Namche Bazaar (3446m), the capital of the Sherpa Kingdom. Here we rest for a day to acclimate and enjoy the hospitality of the fascinating people, then proceed up to Deboche (3757m) for a night, and finally to Lobuche (4930m), where we have another acclimatization day.

Reach the Base Camp
Finally, we make the last trek to basecamp at 5300 metres. After resting, organizing, and training in the basecamp for a day, we will begin our climb.

Hiking at the Khumbu Icefall
We start with a day hike through the awe inspiring Khumbu Icefall, followed by a trip to the plateau of the Western Cwm, for our first glimpse of Camp I, at 5800 metres.

Reach Western Cwm
From Camp I at 6000 metres, the route traverses the flattish bottom of the Western Cwm, to 6200 metres where Camp II is located. Camp III is on the head wall of the Lhotse face at about 7200 metres. Known as the ‘Valley of Silence’, the Western Cwm is a relatively flat gently rising valley, marked by huge lateral crevasses in the centre.

Ascend Lhotse Face
From Camp II, we will ascend the Lhotse face on fixed ropes up to a small edge 7,470 m (24,500 feet). Then we will climb another 500 meters to Camp III on the South Col at 7,920 m(26,000 feet). From camp III to Camp IV we will have to face two altitudinal challenges: the Geneva Spur and the Yellow Band.

The Geneva Spur is an anvil shaped, snow covered rib of a black rock named by a Swiss in 1952 Swiss expedition. The Yellow band is a section of sedimentary sandstone which requires 100 meters of rope for traversing it.

Reach the Death Zone
On South Col, we enter the death zone, where we will spend maximum 2 or 3 days before beginning our summit push. Within 10 to 12 hours, we’ll reach ‘The Balcony’ at 8,400 m (927,700 feet). The Balcony provides spectacular views to the radiant peaks.

Follow Cornice Tracerse
At 8,750 m (28,700 feet), a small table-sized dome of is snow marks the South Summit. From South summit, we will follow the knife-edge southeast ridge along the ‘Cornice Traverse’ where snow clings to intermittent rock. This is the most exposed section of the climb as a misstep to the left would send one 2,400 m (8,000 ft) down the southwest face while to the immediate right is the 3,050 m (10,000 ft) Kangshung face. At the end of this traverse is an imposing 12 m (40 ft) rock wall called the ‘Hillary Step’ at 8,760 m (28,750 ft).

We have finally completed our trek to Mount Everest. Now it’s time to descend.

Route Map
Mount Everest Day 1: Arrive Kathmandu (1,300 meters)

Day 2: Fly to Lukla (2860m). Walk to Phakding (2652m)

Day 3: In Kathmandu, visit temples, tour the city, shop

Day 4: Walk to Namche Bazaar (3446m)

Day 5: Rest and acclimatization in Namche

Day 6: Walk to Pangboche (3757m)

Day 7: Walk to Pheriche (4250m). Visit the Himalayan Rescue Association health clinic.

Day 8: Walk to Lobuche (4930m)

Day 9: Rest in Lobuche

Day 10: Walk to basecamp (5300m)

Day 11: Rest and training day in basecamp

Day 12: Climb partway to camp 1 at 5800 metres. Return to basecamp

Day 13: Climb to camp 1 at 5800 metres. Return to basecamp.

Day 14: Walk to camp 2 at 6200 metres, return to camp 1, sleep there

Day 15: Rest in camp 2

Day 16: Explore route to Camp 3 (7300m), return to camp 2

Day 17: Return to basecamp

Day 18: Explore route to camp 4 at 8000 metres, return to camp 2.

Day 19: Attempt summit. Return to camp 4.

Day 20: Return to camp 2 and then to the Base Camp

Day 21, 22: Attempt summit.

Day 23: Return to camp 2 and then to the Base Camp.

Day 24: Trek down to Pheriche. Camp.

Day 25: Trek down to Pangboche. Teahouse or camping.

Day 26: Trek to Namche, Teahouse or camping.

Day 27: Trek to Lukla. Teahouse or camping.

Day 28: Flight to Kathmandu. Hotel.

Day 29: Fly Home. Thanks for joining our mounatineering expedition!

Facts

  • Radhanath Sikdar, an Indian mathematician and surveyor from Bengal, was the first to identify Everest as the world’s highest peak in 1852, using trigonometric calculations based on measurements of “Peak XV”.
  • Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay Sherpa from Britain were the first to climb Mount Everest successfully in 1953.
  • In Nepal, the mountain is called Sagarmatha meaning ‘Goddess of the Sky’. This name was invented in the early 1960s by Baburam Acharya when the Nepalese government realized that Mount Everest had no Nepalese name.
  • Everest has been named after Sir George Everest in 1865, the British surveyor-general of India. The mountain was once known as Peak 15.

Quotes-Unquotes
“Everest for me, and I believe for the world, is the physical and symbolic manifestation of overcoming odds to achieve a dream”

Tom Whittaker

“The highest of the world’s mountains, it seems, has to make but a single gesture of magnificence to be the lord of all, vast in unchallenged and isolated supremacy”

George Mallory

“Everest is a matter of universal of human endeavor, a cause from which there is no withdrawal, whatever loses it may demand”

G O Dyrenfurth

Tips

  • Get your oxygen masks and protective clothes before starting.
  • Get your medical check up done in advance.
  • While trekking be with the group and do not go off the track.
  • Do not experiment with the route.
  • Get the prerequisite permission from the Nepal Mountaineering Association

Nepal Information

Filed under: Uncategorized — Ramu JOSHI @ 7:49 am

Nepal FlagThe information on Nepal given below will serve as a guide to the tourists before they actually venture into the beautiful mountain kingdom of Nepal. The site will provide the tourists detailed information on the weather, climatic conditions, history, lifestyle, health, festivals and entertainment sources in Nepal.

Country Description
Known as the Land of Everest, Nepal is a developing country with extensive tourist facilities. Cited below is a table on the important facts of Nepal.

Name of the Country Kingdom of Nepal
Area 140,800 sq km
Population 23 million (20001 census)
Capital City Kathmandu
People Hindus, Newars, Tibetans, Gurungs, Magars, Tamangs, Rais, Limbus, Sherpas
National Language Nepali (Khaskura)
Other Languages Awadhi, Newari, Hindi, Bahing, Limbu, Maithili, Mundari
Tourist Language English
Religion Hindu
Government Parliamentary Democracy & Constitutional Monarchy
Major Industries Tourism, Handicraft, Agriculture and Water Resources

Nepal Weather

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Nepal WeatherNepal has great variations in its climatic conditions. But the weather conditions are generally predicatable and pleasent. Spring and autumn are the most pleasant seasons in Nepal and most apt for touring the counrty. Winter temperatures drop to freezing degrees with a high level of snowfall in the mountains. Summer and late spring temperatures range from 28ºC (83ºF) in the hill regions to more than 40ºC (104ºF) in the Terai.

In winter, the average maximum and minimum temperatures in the Terai range from a brisk 7ºC (45ºF) to a mild 23ºC (74ºF). The central valleys experience a minimum temperature often falling bellow freezing point and a chilly 12ºC (54ºF) maximum. Much colder temperatures prevail at higher elevations. The Kathmandu Valley, at an altitude of 1310 m (4297ft), has a mild climate, ranging from 19-27ºC (67-81ºF) in summer, and 2-20ºC (36-68ºF) in winter.

Climatic Seasons in Nepal

Season Months
Spring March-May
Summer June-August
Monsoon End June-Mid September
Autumn September-November
Winter December-February

Nepal Visa

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Nepal VisaPassports and Visas are required except for Indian nationals holding proof of nationality and coming from India. Nepal Visa can be obtained from Nepalese embassies abroad. Visas issued are valid for 60 days and are to be used within six months of the date of issue.

» Visa fee is required to be paid at the embassy, airport or other entry points along with two passport-sized photo.
» Visa is valid for Kathmandu Valley, Pokhara Valley, Royal Chitwan National Park and motarable roads throughout the country.
» For trekking, a separate permit is required which is issued and can be extended only in Kathmandu and Pokhara Immigration Office.
» There are regular permit checking-points along the trails.
» No visa fee is charged for children under 10 years of age.

Visa Extension
A tourist visa can be extended at the ‘Department of Immigration, Kathmandu’ or the ‘Immigration Office, Pokhara’ for a total of 120 days. If tourists require a visa extension beyond 120 days, an additional 30-day visa can be granted on reasonable grounds by the Department with the approval of the Home Ministry. In one visa year (January to December) a t,ourist will not get extension longer than a cumulative 120 days.

Customs
» Travellers are allowed to carry 200 cigarettes, 20 cigars, one bottle of spirits and two bottles or 12 cans of beer free of duty.
» Personal effects exempts from duty include binoculors, cameras, film stock, record player, tape recorder, transistor, radio, and fishing rod and accessories.
» Firearms and ammunition, radio transmitters, walkie-talkies and drugs are not allowed unless import license obtained in advance.
» It is illegal to export antiques; objects like metal statue, sacred images, paintings, manuscripts, which are 100 years old or over.
» The Department of Archaeology at Ramshah Path near Singha Durbar has to certify all metal statues, sacred paintings and similar objects before they are allowed to be sent or carried out of the country.

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